DMCA & Copyright Policy

1. Our position on copyright

Every article on Vobo is written by us. We do not host uploads, we do not republish other people’s articles, and we do not mirror files from anywhere else. Our illustrations and diagrams are generated by us for this site. That makes a valid infringement claim against us unlikely — but it does not make it impossible, and we would rather have a clear process than assume we could never be wrong.

Where we quote a source we keep the quotation short, mark it as a quotation, attribute it and link to the original. Where we describe a product’s behaviour we describe it in our own words. “WhatsApp” is a trademark of its respective owner and is used descriptively to identify the product we write about; Vobo is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to WhatsApp LLC or Meta Platforms, Inc.

We respond to clear and complete notices of alleged copyright infringement in accordance with the United States Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 17 U.S.C. § 512.

2. Before you send a formal notice

You are welcome to email us first, informally, at contact@vobo.online. If we have got something wrong — an image we should not have used, a quotation that runs longer than fair use allows, a source credited incorrectly — we would rather fix it in an afternoon than argue about it. Most concerns are resolved this way, and doing so costs you nothing and forfeits none of your rights.

Please also consider whether the use may be permitted by law — for example as fair use under 17 U.S.C. § 107, which covers criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship and research. Knowingly misrepresenting that material is infringing can expose you to liability under 17 U.S.C. § 512(f), including damages and legal costs.

3. How to file a takedown notice

To be effective under 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3), your notice must include substantially all of the following:

• Your signature. A physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner, or of a person authorised to act on their behalf.
• The work. Identification of the copyrighted work you claim has been infringed. If several works are involved, a representative list is acceptable.
• The material. Identification of the material you claim is infringing, with enough information for us to find it — ideally the exact URL or URLs on this site.
• Your contact details. Your name, postal address, telephone number and email address.
• A good-faith statement. A statement that you have a good-faith belief the disputed use is not authorised by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law.
• A statement of accuracy, under penalty of perjury. A statement that the information in your notice is accurate and that, under penalty of perjury, you are the copyright owner or are authorised to act on the owner’s behalf.

4. Designated copyright agent

Send your notice to our designated agent, with “DMCA Notice” in the subject line:

A postal address for service is provided on written request to the email address above, and will be published here before any advertising partner requires it.

5. What we do with a valid notice

On receiving a notice that substantially complies with the requirements above, we will act expeditiously to remove or disable access to the material identified. Because everything on this site is published by us rather than uploaded by third parties, in practice we review the claim ourselves and remove the material where there is any legitimate doubt. We keep a record of the notices we receive.

If the material was supplied to us by someone else, we will make a good-faith effort to notify them so that they can submit a counter-notice.

6. Counter-notification

If material you supplied was removed and you believe that was a mistake or a misidentification, you may send a counter-notice. To be effective under 17 U.S.C. § 512(g)(3) it must include substantially the following:

• Your physical or electronic signature.
• Identification of the material that was removed and the location at which it appeared before removal.
• A statement under penalty of perjury that you have a good-faith belief the material was removed as a result of mistake or misidentification.
• Your name, address and telephone number, and a statement that you consent to the jurisdiction of the United States Federal District Court for the judicial district in which your address is located — or, if your address is outside the United States, of the state and federal courts having jurisdiction over the operator of this site — and that you will accept service of process from the person who filed the original notice or their agent.

Send counter-notices to the same address in section 4. Where the DMCA applies, we may restore the material no sooner than 10 and no later than 14 business days after receiving a valid counter-notice, unless we first receive notice that the original complainant has filed a court action seeking to restrain the activity.

7. Repeat infringers

In accordance with 17 U.S.C. § 512(i), we terminate in appropriate circumstances the access of anyone found to be a repeat infringer. As this site has no accounts and accepts no uploads, this provision is included for completeness rather than because there is anything to terminate.

8. If someone has copied our work

Our articles are original and take a long time to write, and they are republished without permission more often than we would like. If you are a host, a search engine or an advertising network and you have received a complaint about content scraped from Vobo, we are happy to confirm authorship and provide publication dates. Email contact@vobo.online.

You are welcome to quote us briefly with attribution and a link. You may not republish our articles in whole or in substantial part. See section 5 of our Terms of Service.

9. Trademark and other complaints

This policy covers copyright. For a trademark, privacy, defamation or other non-copyright concern, email us at contact@vobo.online describing the issue and the page it concerns, and we will respond.

10. Changes to this policy

We may update this policy from time to time. Material changes will be posted here with a revised “last updated” date.